ral HS in this study showed no differences in memory, attention and executive functions in relation to the presence of pre-surgical comorbid depression and independently of HS side. In this series from Latin-America, this psychiatric comorbidity did not affect cognition more than epilepsy alone.The patients with MTLE and unilateral HS in this study showed no differences in memory, attention and executive functions in relation to the presence of pre-surgical comorbid depression and independently of HS side. In this series from Latin-America, this psychiatric comorbidity did not affect cognition more than epilepsy alone. We determined whether self-efficacy in seizure management differentially correlated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in persons with epilepsy depending on seizure recurrence and felt stigma. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 312 adults with epilepsy. To determine which risk factors affected the benefits of self-efficacy for HRQoL, an analysis of covariance with an interaction term was used. The Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-10 (QOLIE-10), the Epilepsy Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES), the Stigma Scale for Epilepsy (SS-E), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were assessed. QOLIE-10 scores positively correlated with ESES score and employed status, but negatively correlated with HADS scores, SS-E score ≥1, seizure frequency, and antiepileptic drug (AED) polytherapy. There were significant interaction effects between ESES score and 2-year seizure status (p = 0.025) or SS-E score ≥ 1 (p = 0.009) on QOLIE-10 scores. Self-efficacy in epilepsy management correlated with QOLIE-10 scores only in subjects that had experienced uncontrolled seizures (B = 0.090, p = 0.003) or refractory seizures (B = 0.158, p = 0.020) and in subjects with felt stigma (SS-E ≥ 1) (B = 0.183, p < 0.001). MI-503 supplier Contrastingly, generalized tonic-clonic seizure recurrence (p = 0.420), AED polytherapy (p = 0.667), depressive symptoms (p = 0.663), and anxiety (p = 0.503) did not interact with self-efficacy. The relationship between epilepsy self-efficacy and overall HRQoL may differ depending on seizure recurrence and felt stigma. Our findings would be helpful for designing psychosocial interventions to improve HRQoL in persons with epilepsy.The relationship between epilepsy self-efficacy and overall HRQoL may differ depending on seizure recurrence and felt stigma. Our findings would be helpful for designing psychosocial interventions to improve HRQoL in persons with epilepsy. The link existing between epilepsy and sleep is widely recognized. However, little is known about the prevalence and the clinical consequences of the comorbidity between focal epilepsy and sleep disorders, especially those sleep phenomena classified as isolated symptoms or normal variants. Objective of the study was to evaluate the frequency of sleep disorders and physiological sleep variants in a group of adult patients with focal epilepsy as compared to healthy controls by means of nocturnal polysomnography. We performed a retrospective observational study in the Neurological Clinic of the University of Catania in adult patients with a diagnosis of focal epilepsy and in a group of control subjects. All subjects underwent an overnight polysomnography. The following sleep disorders were considered NREM-related parasomnias; REM-related parasomnias; sleep-related movement disorders; isolated symptoms or normal variants. 100 patients [mean age 30.3 ± 14.7 years, 40 men] and 62 controls [mean age 36.4 ± 15.9, 20 men] were studied. A significant higher percentage of sleep disorders was recorded in patients as compared to controls (73 % vs 48.4 %; p = 0.002). In particular, we found a higher frequency of periodic limb movements (PLM) (20 % vs 4.8 %; p = 0.007), bruxism (20 % vs 4.8 %; p = 0.007) and neck myoclonus (22 % vs 4.8 %; p = 0.003). Moreover, alternating limb muscle activation was associated with sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (OR = 7.9; p = 0.01). Sleep disorders and physiological sleep variants are common in adult patients with focal epilepsy.Sleep disorders and physiological sleep variants are common in adult patients with focal epilepsy. To determine the burden of non-epilepsy drugs on people with epilepsy, using administrative health care data. The Achmea Health Insurance Database (AHID) contains health claims data from 25 % of the Dutch population. From the AHID, we selected all policyholders with coverage for at least one full calendar year between 2006-2009. We included adults with diagnostic codes for epilepsy and randomly selected two frequency-matched controls per case. We labeled drugs dispensed at least twice per calendar year as chronic and excluded antiseizure medications. We estimated and compared the prevalence of chronic medication use, number of chronic medications used, number of prescriptions dispensed, Rx Risk comorbidity index, and drug burden index (DBI) between people with epilepsy and controls. Non-epilepsy chronic medication use was more frequent in people with epilepsy than controls (67 % versus 59 %, p < 0.001). People with epilepsy had an increased DBI (average 0.19 versus 0.10, p < 0.001), used more chronic medications (median 2 versus 1, p < 0.001) and had more prescriptions dispensed (median 7 versus 3, p < 0.001). The DBI and number of unique chronic medications were higher among older (>60 years) than younger (<60 years) subjects in cases and controls. Non-epilepsy chronic medication use was more prevalent in people with epilepsy across all therapeutic drug classes and most comorbidities measured using the Rx Risk score. Chronic non-epilepsy medication use is more prevalent among people with epilepsy. The medication burden is higher among elderly with epilepsy and could partially explain the lower quality of life of people with epilepsy with comorbidities.Chronic non-epilepsy medication use is more prevalent among people with epilepsy. The medication burden is higher among elderly with epilepsy and could partially explain the lower quality of life of people with epilepsy with comorbidities.