Graph theoretical concepts are broadly used in several fields to examine and model various applications. In computational chemistry, the characteristics of a molecular compound can be assessed with the help of a numerical value, known as a topological index. Topological indices are extensively used to study the molecular mechanics in QSAR and QSPR modeling. In this study, we have developed the closed formulae to estimate ABC, ABC4, GA, and GA5 topological indices for the graphical structures of boron nitride and carbon nanotube.The realization of reversed Doppler effects in double-negative acoustic metamaterials remains challenging. This paper demonstrates the reversed Doppler effect associated with sound wave propagation in negative group velocity in hybridized metamaterial (HM) system using a simple Mie-resonator configuration. SL327 Double-negative acoustic parameters act simultaneously on the effective dynamic bulk modulus and mass density within overlapped frequency region of multiple Mie resonances. Notably, while ordinary media exhibits higher received frequency during the approach and lower during the recession, we observe that in HM the detected signals show redshift compared to the emitted frequency when approaching to the source while depict blue shift when receding from the source. On this basis, the HM exhibits negative phase velocity with reversed wavefronts and negative refraction effect for certain frequency range. Focusing of sound waves emitted from a point source is further realized with a flat lens composed by such a HM slab.Histopathological classification of gastric and colonic epithelial tumours is one of the routine pathological diagnosis tasks for pathologists. Computational pathology techniques based on Artificial intelligence (AI) would be of high benefit in easing the ever increasing workloads on pathologists, especially in regions that have shortages in access to pathological diagnosis services. In this study, we trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) on biopsy histopathology whole-slide images (WSIs) of stomach and colon. The models were trained to classify WSI into adenocarcinoma, adenoma, and non-neoplastic. We evaluated our models on three independent test sets each, achieving area under the curves (AUCs) up to 0.97 and 0.99 for gastric adenocarcinoma and adenoma, respectively, and 0.96 and 0.99 for colonic adenocarcinoma and adenoma respectively. The results demonstrate the generalisation ability of our models and the high promising potential of deployment in a practical histopathological diagnostic workflow system.The natural circulation loop (NCL) is a highly reliable and noise-free heat transfer device due to the absence of moving components. Working fluid used in the natural circulation loop plays an important role in enhancing the heat transfer capability of the loop. This experimental study investigates the subcritical and supercritical heat transfer performance of a natural circulation loop (NCL) with CO2 as the working fluid. Operating pressures and temperatures are varied in such a way that the loop fluid should remain in the specified state (subcooled liquid, two-phase, superheated vapor, supercritical). Water and methanol are used as external fluids in cold and hot heat exchangers for temperatures above zero and below zero (in °C) respectively, depending on operating temperature. For loop fluids, the performance of CO2 is compared with water for above zero and with brine solution for the subzero case. Further, the impact of loop operating pressure (35-90 bar) on the performance of the system is also studied. For hot heat exchanger inlet temperature (5 to 70 °C) and cold heat exchanger inlet temperature (-18 to 32 °C), it was observed that the maximum heat transfer rates in the case of subcritical vapor, subcritical liquid, two-phase and supercritical CO2 based systems are 400%, 500%, 900%, and 800% higher than the water/brine-based system respectively.Obesity is one of the major risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. A disproportional accumulation of fat at visceral (VAT) compared to subcutaneous sites (SAT) has been suspected as a key detrimental event. We used non-targeted metabolomics profiling to reveal metabolic pathways associated with higher VAT or SAT amount among subjects free of metabolic diseases to identify possible contributing metabolic pathways. The study population comprised 491 subjects [mean (standard deviation) age 44.6 yrs (13.0), body mass index 25.4 kg/m² (3.6), 60.1% females] without diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, the metabolic syndrome or impaired renal function. We associated MRI-derived fat amounts with mass spectrometry-derived metabolites in plasma and urine using linear regression models adjusting for major confounders. We tested for sex-specific effects using interactions terms and performed sensitivity analyses for the influence of insulin resistance on the results. VAT and SAT were significantly associated with 155 (101 urine) and 49 (29 urine) metabolites, respectively, of which 45 (27 urine) were common to both. Major metabolic pathways were branched-chain amino acid metabolism (partially independent of insulin resistance), surrogate markers of oxidative stress and gut microbial diversity, and cortisol metabolism. We observed a novel positive association between VAT and plasma levels of the potential pharmacological agent piperine. Sex-specific effects were only a few, e.g. the female-specific association between VAT and O-methylascorbate. In brief, higher VAT was associated with an unfavorable metabolite profile in a sample of healthy, mostly non-obese individuals from the general population and only few sex-specific associations became apparent.Advancements in molecular genetics have revealed that hybridization may be common among plants, animals, and fungi, playing a role in evolutionary dynamics and speciation. While hybridization has been well-documented in pathogenic fungi, the effects of these processes on speciation in fungal lineages with different life histories and ecological niches are largely unexplored. Here we investigated the potential influence of hybridization on the emergence of morphologically and reproductively distinct asexual lichens. We focused on vagrant forms (growing obligately unattached to substrates) within a clade of rock-dwelling, sexually reproducing species in the Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota) species complex. We used phylogenomic data from both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes to infer evolutionary relationships and potential patterns of introgression. We observed multiple instances of discordance between the mitochondrial and nuclear trees, including the clade comprising the asexual vagrant species R.