24, SD = 2.97) and useful (M = 7.07, SD = 3.00), and very easy to understand (M = 9.50, SD = 0.97) on Likert-type scales ranging from 1 to 10. In terms of intervention effects, there was a small effect of the gain-framed intervention (b = .58, SE = .93, CI = -1.33, 2.48, Cohen's d = .26) on HIV/STI risk transmission. There was a small-medium effect of both the loss- (b = 2.00, SE = .90, CI = .15, 3.85, Cohen's d = 1.46) and gain-framed (b = 2.24, SE = .93, CI = .34, 4.15, Cohen's d = 1.65) interventions on condom use motivation. Finally, there was a medium-large effect of both the loss- (b = .97, SE = 1.33, CI = -1.88, 3.82, Cohen's d = .54) and gain-framed intervention (b = 1.97, SE = 1.33, CI = -.88, 4.82, Cohen's d = .87) on condom use frequency. Further refinement and testing, in a larger -scale trial with higher ecological validity than this initial pilot intervention, is warranted. Increasing evidence points towards the use of epicardial fat (EF) as a reliable biomarker of coronary artery disease extent and severity. We aim to assess the different locations of echocardiographic EF thickness measurement and their relation with the presence, extent, and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients admitted with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Prospective cohort study including patients admitted for ACS. EF was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography and compared with coronary angiography findings. Spearmen correlation analysis was used to search for EF correlations. Cyclopamine Smoothened antagonist Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive value of the different sites of measurement of EF thickness for the presence of CAD. To evaluate other potential variables independently associated with CAD, we performed multivariate analysis employing logistic regression. 196 patients were included. Significant CAD was diagnosed in 83.7% of patients. In all views, EF thickness was greater in patients with CAD (p < 0.001). We found a moderate correlation between EF thickness and CAD extent and severity. EF thickness measured at RV basal level showed a good performance in predicting significant CAD in patients with ACS (AUC = 0.885, 95% CI 0.80-0.97, p < 0.001). For a value of mean RV basal region EF thickness ≥ 12.57mm, sensitivity was 85% and specificity was 80.8%. In patients admitted with ACS, echocardiographic EF thickness predicted the presence of CAD, as well as its extent and severity. We found EF thickness measured at the RV basal region to be the best predictor of significant CAD.In patients admitted with ACS, echocardiographic EF thickness predicted the presence of CAD, as well as its extent and severity. We found EF thickness measured at the RV basal region to be the best predictor of significant CAD.Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) may be a source of nuisance in neighbouring places due to hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) emissions. In this study, samples were collected from WWTP workplace ambient air and outdoor ambient air around one of the largest WWTPs in Istanbul with a capacity of 250,000 m3/day to evaluate the effects of H2S and BTEX emissions. Samples were collected in three seasons for 15-day durations winter (November 2015), spring (May 2015), and summer (August 2016). Average concentrations of H2S and BTEX were determined as 1.1 and 56.2 µg/m3, respectively. Average concentrations BTEX components were 4.9, 20.7, 6.4, and 24.2 µg/m3, respectively. Health risk assessment for plant workers and local residents was performed for H2S and BTEX inhalation exposure using the method by USEPA. Results show that H2S and BTEX emissions do not have harmful effects on human health. Acute traumatic and chronic non-traumatic rotator cuff tears are etiologically distinguishable entities. However, prospective studies comparing tear characteristics and outcomes between these two types of tears are lacking. The purpose of this study was to compare the tear characteristics, clinical and functional outcomes, and tendon healing as assessed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), between traumatic and non-traumatic rotator cuff tears. MRI proven rotator cuff tears were allocated into two groups according to the history of injury Group 1 included 28 patients with traumatic tears and group 2 included 33 patients of non-traumatic cuff tears. Both the groups were compared for preoperative tear characteristics (tear size, muscle atrophy, fatty degeneration), range of motion, strength of shoulder abduction and external rotation, functional outcomes, and tendon integrity on MRI, 2years after the surgery. Postoperative mean active range of abduction (p = 0.005), abduction strength (p = 0.013), externaspective cohort study.The effects of ecological restoration based on ecosystem services (ES) have attracted more and more attention, while the simulation and cost-benefit analysis of ecological restoration scenarios are not well investigated. In this study, four ecological restoration scenarios were simulated at a typical watershed on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) based on the land use conversion. Scenario 1 was only grassland restoration, Scenario 2 and 3 were mainly farmland to shrub, and Scenario 4 was mainly grassland restoration with bare land converting to forest and shrub. The ecosystem services value (ESV) and the cost-benefits of these scenarios were quantified and compared in 25 years after the restoration investment. The results showed there were significant differences in the ESV under four scenarios, among which Scenario 4 had the largest ESV and Scenario 1 had the smallest ESV. The spatial distribution of ESV was uneven, and high-value regions were concentrated in the southwest and central regions. There were great variations between original scenario and simulated scenarios, but a little difference between Scenarios 2, 3, and 4. The largest loss of farmland abandonment was regulating service, followed by supporting service, provisioning service, and cultural service. From the perspective of payback period, Scenario 1 was the fastest, and it could obtain net benefits first. From the short- and long-term (6 and 25 years after investment) benefits, Scenarios 1 and 4 had the largest cumulative ESV increase, respectively. The results of this study can provide a basis for the formulation and implementation of ecological policies.