Multiple-dose administration resulted in AUC0-24 accumulation ratios of 1.58 (elbasvir) and 2.35 (grazoprevir). Both elbasvir 50 mg/grazoprevir 100 mg and 100 mg/200 mg regimens were generally well tolerated. Conclusion Single-dose administration of elbasvir 50 mg/grazoprevir 100 mg or 100 mg/200 mg and once-daily administration of elbasvir 50 mg/grazoprevir 100 mg for 10 days has been adequately characterized, with PK values within the expected range, and was generally well tolerated in healthy Chinese male and female participants. © 2020 Li et al.To report a treatment of radiation retinopathy in a patient exposed to ionizing radiation for a period of 2 years. A 26-year-old female patient with no comorbidities diagnosed with myelodysplasia confirmed by bone marrow biopsy. She presented a complaint of bilateral progressive visual acuity reduction. At the ophthalmologic examination, she presented alterations suggestive of radiation retinopathy as well as macular thickness to optical coherence tomography (OCT) of over 500 µm. The patient underwent intravitreal injection (0.05 mL) of ranibizumab (Lucentis®) monthly in both eyes and follow-up through visual acuity and OCT examination. She presented reduction of macular edema as well as a slight improvement of visual acuity. In this case, the treatment of radiation retinopathy with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (Lucentis) was relatively useful, with a slight improvement of visual acuity, due to the regression of macular edema, not being curative. © 2020 Horowitz et al.With development of the contact lens sensor (CLS), it has become possible to monitor the intraocular pressure (IOP) for 24 hrs continuously. Wearing of CLS often brings blurred vision with transient aggravation of myopia and changes in corneal shape. The author, a 51-year-old man with myopic astigmatism, wore a CLS for 24 hrs on the right eye, and the fellow eye served as a contra-lateral control eye. After wearing, his corrected visual acuity on the right eye decreased from 20/16 to 20/25 with blurred vision, and subjective spherical power and cylindrical power aggravated. Topographical analysis revealed that the instantaneous power increased on the central cornea but decreased on the mid-peripheral cornea. Differential instantaneous map of pre- and post-wearing CLS showed a specific pattern similar to the central island pattern, which is known as the results of steeper fitting of the orthokeratology lens. A surface imprint was observed on the bulbar conjunctiva, corresponding to the edge of the contact lens. These findings seemed due to orthokeratological effects by the steeper fitting of CLS. All of them resolved within 24 hrs after the removal of the CLS. © 2020 Toshida.Background The gold standard for disinfection of dental impressions is by immersion although spray techniques are also available. This study compared the effectiveness of alcohol and aldehyde spray disinfectants on analogue dental impressions in a hospital setting. Materials and Methods Impressions were swabbed after removal from the mouth (pre-disinfection) and after spraying (post-disinfection) with either a non-aldehyde alcohol-based disinfectant, Bossklein (Silsden, W Yorks, BD20 0EF, UK) or a glutaraldehyde-based alcohol-free disinfectant, MD520 (Dürr Dental, 74321 Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany). Swabs were transported to the microbiology laboratory in Amies medium and plated onto sheep blood agar within 2 hrs. Plates were incubated for 3 days at 37°C then at room temperature for 3 days. After incubation, all plates were examined for microbial growth. Results A total of 87 impressions were assessed (alginate = 41; poly-vinyl siloxane (PVS) = 31; polyether = 15). The counts were categorized into two groups no growth or growth present. Post-disinfection contamination was present on six alginate and six PVS impressions but only one polyether impression (x2 = 1.27, P > 0.05, NSS). Analysis of post-disinfection growth according to impression and disinfectant found significantly more contaminated PVS impressions with the alcohol-based spray than with the aldehyde spray (x2 = 5.37, p less then 0.05). Disinfection with the aldehyde-based spray resulted in only two contaminated impressions, both in alginate. Conclusion Alcohol-based spray disinfection of dental impressions may be less effective than aldehyde spray and full immersion of impressions is recommended. Careful wetting or soaking of all surfaces of impressions is very important when using a spray. © 2020 Al Shikh and Milosevic.Background After endodontic treatment, a proper restorative technique is necessary to ensure coronal seal and protection of residual dental structure; teeth which have lost two or more walls need to be restored with posts to increase retention and stability of final restoration. Posts can be distinguished in prefabricated and customized, which are manufactured by lost wax technique or CAD-CAM. Purpose Digital dentistry has been developed to increase workflow precision and to accelerate production process; use of CAD-CAM to realize customized posts was limited to scanning plaster models obtained from traditional impressions. Patients and Methods In the reported case an intraoral scan was used to mill a post and core restoration on an endodontically treated inferior premolar; this operative protocol was based on previous in vitro experiments that confirmed the ability of 3shape Trios scanner to read post-space up to 9 mm in depth. Results The digital technique allows us to convert the concave surface of the root canal into the convex surface of the post, and realize an anatomical post and core that improves the biomechanics of the endodontically treated tooth reducing the possibility of root fractures. Conclusion The use of an intraoral digital scanner represents an opportunity for the clinician as it speeds up the production of an anatomical post and core restorations. © 2020 Libonati et al.Purpose Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are associated with an increased infection risk. In this cohort study of patients with treated psoriasis or PsA, we used MarketScan (2014-2018) to estimate rates of herpes zoster, hepatitis C (HepC) and tuberculosis (TB) with apremilast compared to other systemic treatments. Materials and Methods Patients were exposed from first apremilast [APR], DMARD, TNF-inhibitor [TNF], IL-inhibitor [IL], or corticosteroids [CS] prescription after March 21, 2014. Study exposures were APR, DMARDs only, TNF-only, IL-only, CS-only, DMARDs+CS, TNF+DMARDs and/or CS, IL+DMARDs and/or CS. Cases had treated herpes zoster, HepC, or TB event. We calculated incidence rates (IRs) [95% confidence intervals] per 1000 patient-years. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/abemaciclib.html Results The study population included 131,604 patients. For herpes zoster (N=2271), IRs were highest for users of DMARDs+CS (12.5 [9.8-15.7]), CS-only (12.5 [10.4-14.1]), and TNF+DMARDs and/or CS (11.9 [10.6-13.4]), compared with DMARDs only (9.9 [8.7-11.2]). IRs were lowest for users of IL-only (6.