The clinical features of COVID-19 range from a mild illness to patients with a very severe illness with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring ventilation and Intensive Care Unit admission. Risk factors for a fatal disease include older age, respiratory disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity and hypertension. Little is known about the mechanisms behind observed episodes of sudden deterioration or the infrequent idiosyncratic clinical demise in otherwise healthy and young subjects. As in other diseases, the answer to some of these questions may in time be provided by genotyping as well careful clinical, serological, radiological and histopathological phenotyping, which enable mechanistic insights into the differences in pathogenesis and underlying immunological and tissue regenerative response patterns. We will aim to provide a brief overview of the existing evidence for such differences in host response and outcome, and generate hypotheses for divergent patterns and avenues for future research, by highlighting similarities and differences in histopathological appearance between COVID19 and influenza as well as previous coronavirus outbreaks, and by discussing predisposition through genetics and underlying disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Immune checkpoint inhibitors improved the survival rate of patients with unresectable melanoma. However, some patients do not respond, and variable immune-related adverse events have been reported. Therefore, more effective and antigen-specific immune therapies are urgently needed. BMS354825 We previously reported the efficacy of an immune cell therapy with immortalized myeloid cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS-ML). In this study, we generated OX40L-overexpressing iPS-ML (iPS-ML-Zsgreen-OX40L) and investigated their characteristics and in vivo efficacy against mouse melanoma. We found that iPS-ML-Zsgreen-OX40L suppressed the progression of B16-BL6 melanoma, and prolonged survival of mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-expressing B16 melanoma (MO4). The number of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells was higher in spleen cells treated with OVA-peptide-pulsed iPS-ML-Zsgreen-OX40L than in those without OX40L. The OVA-peptide-pulsed iPS-ML-Zsgreen-OX40L significantly increased the number of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) in MO4 tumor. Flow-cytometry showed decreased regulatory T cells but increased effector and effector memory T cells among the TILs. Although we plan to use allogeneic iPS-ML in the clinical applications, iPS-ML showed the tumorgenicity in the syngeneic mice model. Incorporating the suicide gene is necessary to ensure the safety in the future study. Collectively, these results indicate that iPS-ML-Zsgreen-OX40L therapy might be a new method for antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Intravascular tumor extension in the inferior vena cava (IVC) is known to occur with abdominal tumors, such as renal cell, hepatocellular, adrenal cell carcinoma, and Wilm's tumor. We encountered a 53-year-old male patient presenting with pulmonary embolism and a right atrial mass with imaging evidence of an adrenal tumor extending into the IVC, up to the right atrium. The patient underwent surgery for the resection of the tumor using cardiopulmonary bypass by a team of cardiothoracic surgeons and urologists. Histology identified the tumor as hepatocellular carcinoma, which developed as ectopic hepatic tissue in the right adrenal gland. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.INTRODUCTION Situational judgment tests (SJTs) are widely used to evaluate 'non-academic' abilities in medical applicants. However, there is a lack of understanding of how their predictive validity may vary across contexts. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesise existing evidence relating to the validity of such tools for predicting outcomes relevant to interpersonal workplace performance. METHODS Searches were conducted in relevant databases to June 2019. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Results were pooled using random effects meta-analysis and meta-regressions. RESULTS Initially 483 articles were identified, 218 title/abstracts were reviewed, 44 full text articles were assessed with 30 studies meeting the final inclusion criteria and were judged, overall, to be at moderate risk of bias. Of these, 26 reported correlation coefficients relating to validity, with a pooled estimate of 0.32 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.39, p less theitional work identifying the optimum place of SJTs within particular selection contexts and further enhancing their effectiveness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND In living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT), liver volume assessment is a mandatory step in determining donor appropriateness. This study aimed to compare reliability and reproducibility between two major methods to define virtual hepatectomy plane, based on Cantlie's line (CTV-Cantlie) and portal vein territorialization (CTV-PVT) for right-lobe graft weight estimation in LDLT. METHODS A total of 188 donors who underwent preoperative CT scans were included. The liver was divided into right and left lobes using CTV-Cantlie and CTV-PTV measurements by two readers. Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) was used to determine interreader variability of hepatic weight measured using each CTV method. Intraoperative graft weight (IOW) was used as reference standard of right-lobe graft weight. Pearson correlation test was performed to determine correlation coefficients between presumed graft weight by each CTV method and IOW. RESULTS ICCs for total liver weight were roughly equivalent between the two CTV methods(CTV-Cantlie0.965[95%CI,0.954-0.974],CTV-PVT0.977[0.970-0.983]). However, ICCs of right-and left-lobe weights between two readers were higher with CTV-PVT(0.997and0.850) than with CTV-Cantlie(0.829and0.668). The IOW was 716.0±162.0g. Correlation coefficients between presumed graft weight by CTV-Cantlie or CTV-PVT and IOW were 0.722and0.807, respectively (both P less then 0.001). CONCLUSIONS For estimation of the right-lobe graft weight in LDLT, CTV-PVT may provide higher reliability and reproducibility than CTV-Cantlie. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.