Carcinoma with dual neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine components are recognized albeit a rare occurrence among the head and neck tumours. Owing to a disjointed pathology taxonomy and a lack of defining criteria, these tumors have remained underrecognized and poorly understood by pathologists and oncologists. Herein, we present a heretofore unreported case of a mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine carcinoma occurring as a carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) in the soft palate of a 32-year-old man. Histologic examination revealed 2 distinctive malignancies comprising salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) and small cell carcinoma (SmCC) arising in a background of a benign pleomorphic adenoma. On immunohistochemistry, the SDC cells were cytokeratin 7 positive, androgen receptor positive, GATA-3 (GATA binding protein 3) positive, and gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP-15) positive and the SmCC cells were synaptophysin positive and chromogranin positive, confirming the presence of 2 different histologic malignancies. We report this case not only for its exceptional rarity but also to discuss the lacunae that exist in the current classification systems that might facilitate an erroneous categorization of these rare tumors. Standardization of nomenclature and defining criteria is imperative to ensure accurate diagnosis, optimal management, and a better understanding of the biology of these enigmatic tumors. To curb opioid overprescription and diversion, 49 states have implemented mandatory prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs). This study aims to examine the changes in analgesic prescription patterns associated with mandatory PDMP usage by oral and maxillofacial surgeons. This retrospective observational cohort study analyzed analgesic prescriptions after third molar surgeries from the University of Pennsylvania from July 2016 to December 2019. Because Pennsylvania mandated PDMP usage on January 1, 2017, we analyzed prescriptions 6 months prior to and for each 6-month interval after implementation. Prescriptions after 13,430 procedures on 6437 patients across 7 6-month periods were analyzed. Selleck SQ22536 Patients in all study periods had an average age of 40 years and there was a slight majority of females. After PDMP implementation, patients who received analgesics had an 80% lower odds of receiving an opioid option after adjusting for age, sex, and procedural severity. When an opioid was prescribed, the mean pills per script decreased from 20.18 to 10.96 1 year after PDMP implementation. Mandatory PDMP usage was associated with decreased odds of a patient receiving an opioid analgesic and with a decrease in mean opioid pills per script. PDMPs may be helpful in reducing opioid prescriptions by oral and maxillofacial surgeons after third molar surgery.Mandatory PDMP usage was associated with decreased odds of a patient receiving an opioid analgesic and with a decrease in mean opioid pills per script. PDMPs may be helpful in reducing opioid prescriptions by oral and maxillofacial surgeons after third molar surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dimensional changes in alveolar bone and soft tissue after dental extraction/postextraction in alveoli filled/grafted with collagen (Collacone) compared with those left empty/ungrafted. Twenty-three patients with a single maxillary incisor to be extracted were included in the study. The patients were randomized into either the treatment group, receiving a collagen sponge, or into the control group with an empty alveolus. All participants were examined and followed with cone beam computed tomography and 3-dimensional soft tissue scanning procedures during the healing process. The outcomes were statistically evaluated with Mann-Whitney U tests. Seventeen patients were available for follow-up. The radiographic outcome showed an average loss of bone in the bucco-palatal width of 1.15 mm (range, 0.2-2.2) in the test group and 0.57 mm (range, 0-1.6) among the controls. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups (P=.092). The soft tissue topography height measurements revealed an average decrease of 1.737 mm (range, 0.118-2.872) in the test group and 1.899 mm (range, 0.454-3.014) in the control group. The difference was not significant (P=.847). The use of a Collacone collagen sponge does not enhance the bone and soft tissue healing outcome after extraction of an incisor in the maxilla compared with leaving the alveolus empty.The use of a Collacone collagen sponge does not enhance the bone and soft tissue healing outcome after extraction of an incisor in the maxilla compared with leaving the alveolus empty. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of viral load and lymphocyte count on survival of patients who presented with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated oral Kaposi's sarcoma. Thirty-one cases (from January 2010 to December 2019) of oral Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with HIV from 2 oral pathology centers in Brazil were reviewed, considering clinical data and correlation of viral load and lymphocyte count with overall survival. Overall survival rates were estimated by a Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared using a log-rank test. The factors introduced stepwise into a Cox proportional hazard model to identify the independent predictors of survival. A P value <.05 was considered significant. Most of the patients were males (90.3%) with a mean age of 32.4 years (range, 19-58). Hard palate, soft palate, and tongue were the most affected sites. Treatment, viral load >999 copies/mL, CD4 level ≤200 cells/mm , CD4 /CD8 level ≤0.39 cells/mm , and CD4 nadir level <50 cells/mm were related to overall survival. Survival of patients affected by oral HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma is influenced by treatment, viral load, CD4 , CD4 /CD8 , and CD4 nadir count.Survival of patients affected by oral HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma is influenced by treatment, viral load, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, and CD4+ nadir count. The objective of this study was identification of the transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) in the promoter of HOX genes and elucidation of the comprehensive interaction of transcription factors (TFs)/genes with HOX. Promoter sequences of HOXA3, HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXA10, HOXA13, HOXB5, HOXC10, HOXC12, and HOXD10 were analyzed to predict the TFBS and their targets using TRANSFAC, TRRUST, and Harmonizome. Functional analysis of the processed data sets was carried out using DAVID and GATHER gene annotation tools. A network of regulatory interactions was constructed using NetworkAnalyst and a comprehensive illustration of the TF-gene network was constructed with HOX as a central hub using the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data. Further, the enriched network was constructed to elucidate the roles of these genes in the various pathways. Binding sites for E2F1, HNF3α, SP3, and KLF6 were common to promoter regions of all of the HOX genes. The functional annotation and pathway analysis elucidated the regulatory activity of a distinct set of TF-genes in interaction with HOX.