7% were black or African American. The primary composite was significantly lower in the pharmacist intervention group compared to usual care (mean difference 0.82, =0.0364, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05-1.60), driven by lower 30-day hospitalizations in the intervention group (mean difference 0.15, =0.0099, 95% CI 0.04-0.27). Cost associated with COPD-related hospitalizations was significantly lower in the pharmacist intervention group compared to usual care ($173,808, = 0.0330) as well as before intervention ($79,662, =0.0233). There was no significant difference in time to follow-up or pneumonia. A comprehensive, collaborative pharmacist transitions of care service significantly reduced 30-day COPD-related hospital readmissions, ED re-visits, and associated costs in an underserved population.A comprehensive, collaborative pharmacist transitions of care service significantly reduced 30-day COPD-related hospital readmissions, ED re-visits, and associated costs in an underserved population. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is commonly managed by family physicians, but little is known about specifics of management and how this may be improved. The Advancing the Patient Experience in COPD (APEX COPD) registry will be the first U.S. primary care, health system-based registry following patients diagnosed with COPD longitudinally, using a standardized set of variables to investigate how patients are managed in real life and assess outcomes of various management strategies. Gaining expert consensus on a standardized list of variables to capture in the APEX COPD registry. A modified, Delphi process was used to reach consensus on which data to collect in the registry from electronic health records (EHRs), patient-reported information (PRI) and patient-reported outcomes (PRO), and by physicians during subsequent office visits. The Delphi panel comprised 14 primary care and specialty COPD experts from the United States and internationally. The process consisted of 3 iterative rounds. Responses were collected electronically. Of the initial 195 variables considered, consensus was reached to include up to 115 EHR variables, 34 PRI/PRO variables and 5 office-visit variables in the APEX COPD registry. These should include information on symptom burden, diagnosis, COPD exacerbations, lung function, quality of life, comorbidities, smoking status/history, treatment specifics (including side effects), inhaler management, and patient education/self-management. COPD experts agreed upon the core variables to collect from EHR data and from patients to populate the APEX COPD registry. Data will eventually be integrated, standardized and stored in the APEX COPD database and used for approved COPD-related research.COPD experts agreed upon the core variables to collect from EHR data and from patients to populate the APEX COPD registry. Data will eventually be integrated, standardized and stored in the APEX COPD database and used for approved COPD-related research. This systematic review and pooled, patient-level analysis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) case reports and series compared NMS characteristics and outcomes during long-acting injectable antipsychotic (LAI) versus oral antipsychotic (OAP) treatment. Two authors independently searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases for articles in English from database inception until October 9, 2018. Case reports with author-defined NMS during ongoing antipsychotic treatment or within 1 injection interval of LAIs in adults aged 18-65 years. Demographic, clinical, treatment and outcome data were independently extracted following PRISMA guidelines. NMS severity was rated using the Francis-Yacoub scale. Elacridar purchase Characteristics and outcomes of NMS were compared when occurring during LAI versus OAP treatment, adjusting for significant between-group differences. Of 662 reported cases (median age = 36 years, male = 61.2%), 122 (18.4%) involved LAIs (second-generation antipsychotic [SGA] LAIs [SGA-s, should mitigate safety concerns regarding LAIs, but results should be interpreted cautiously since they are based on case reports.Gabapentin, available as gabapentin and as the prodrug gabapentin enacarbil, is an approved treatment for partial seizures, postherpetic neuralgia, and the restless legs syndrome. Gabapentin has been studied for diverse off-label indications, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that gabapentin reduces the severity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms (AWS) as well as the percentage of heavy drinking days in persons with AUD; however, the magnitude of benefit is small, and no benefits are apparent for other drinking outcomes. Furthermore, a recent, large RCT found an extended-release formulation of gabapentin enacarbil ineffective for a wide range of drinking and other outcomes in patients with AUD. Some research suggests that gabapentin may improve drinking outcomes specifically in AUD patients with higher levels of AWS; this may be a result of gabapentin-associated reduction in AWS, precluding AWS-triggered continued drinking. In this context, a recent, large RCT found that gabapentin reduced heavy drinking and increased abstinence, and that these findings were apparent only in patients with higher levels of AWS during the 2 weeks before randomization; disconcertingly, gabapentin appeared to worsen drinking outcomes in the patients with low AWS. Whereas these findings support the conjecture that gabapentin could be considered indicated in AUD patients with high AWS, problems with this RCT and with its findings limit the applicability of the findings to everyday clinical practice. These problems are discussed in detail. It is concluded that, in line with the recommendations of a recent treatment guideline, gabapentin may be considered for patients with AUD only if first line drugs such as naltrexone and acamprosate cannot be used. It may also be worth examining benefits with gabapentin in AUD associated with chronic pain, anxiety, and chronic insomnia because gabapentin is suggested to attenuate these syndromes.