Diabetes mellitus is amongst the most common causes of polyneuropathy worldwide that can eventually terminate to irreversible complications. The remarkable impact of diabetic polyneuropathy as a debilitating condition on the healthcare system and total costs of diabetes care is undeniable. Despite the existence of numerous diagnostic tools such as routine electrophysiologic procedures, its early detection is challenging. This study designed to compare more distal techniques of electrodiagnostic testing, including interdigital sensory nerve conduction studies (NCSs), with conventional approaches and to investigate its role in confirming the early stages of polyneuropathy. This cross-sectional study was performed in the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of Hazrat Fatemeh Reconstruction Surgery Hospital. Thirty one symptomatic diabetic outpatients and 23 asymptomatic nondiabetic subjects included in our study. We performed nerve conduction studies on five sensory nerves consist of the dorsal su Our method is simple, non-invasive, suitable, sensitive, and reproducible. There is no need to needle electrode or averaging technique to record an appropriate amplitude of IDN. Thus, it is recommended as a convenient electrophysiological option for early diagnosis of DPN.We conducted this study intending to demonstrate the application of a new technique for early diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy, especially in the presymptomatic and subclinical neuropathies. The digital sensory branches of IDNs known as the most distal sensory nerves, which can be easily evaluated with new antidromic SNAP technique. Our method is simple, non-invasive, suitable, sensitive, and reproducible. There is no need to needle electrode or averaging technique to record an appropriate amplitude of IDN. Thus, it is recommended as a convenient electrophysiological option for early diagnosis of DPN. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of (ZO) extract on weight gain, food intake, locomotor activity, andlipid and glucose metabolism in olanzapine-treated rats. The hydroalcoholic extract of ZO was prepared by macerating the coarse dry powder in 70%v/v ethanol for 7 days, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Animals were divided into six groups containing six animals in each. Three doses of extract (100, 200, and 400mg/kg, p.o.) were co-administered with olanzapine 2mg/kg i.p for 21 days. Bodyweight and food intake were recorded at the interval of three days and locomotor activity once a week. At the end of the study oral glucose tolerance test was performed followed by the estimation of lipid profile. Co-administration of hydroalcoholic extract of ZO with olanzapine ameliorated olanzapine-induced weight gain and hyperphagia. Similarly, ZO extract also improved pancreatic β-cell function andglucose and lipid metabolism. ZO extract ameliorated olanzapine-induced weight gain and hyperphagia by improving pancreatic β-cell functions and lipid metabolism.ZO extract ameliorated olanzapine-induced weight gain and hyperphagia by improving pancreatic β-cell functions and lipid metabolism. Nurses, as multidisciplinary Diabetic Foot Care (DFC) team members, need to be trained in DF prevention and management. Regarding the increasing use of e-learning educational courses as the new learning strategy with potential benefits among health care providers, this study attempted to evaluate the educational effects of an e-learning course on DFC compared to that of an interactive workshop in the related knowledge attainment. This was a quasi-experimental study compared two non-randomized groups consisting of nurses who attended an e-learning course (intervention group) and a face-to-face interactive workshop (control group) on DFC using a pre- and post-test design. The eligible nurses enrolled by convenience sampling. Pemrametostat All five e-modules on DF prevention and care were the same for both groups. A value of <0.05 was considered as significant. The study findings indicated that both e-learning course and interactive workshop increased DFC knowledge among nurses. There is a significant difference between the learning level (after training) in the intervention and control groups (  < 0.01). The findings suggest that the e-learning course of DF could be as effective as conventional educational methods. However, considering the time, cost savings and providing an opportunity to learn anytime and anywhere, of the e-learning course, it is recommend for the future and required that more health care providers be trained to use of distance learning.The findings suggest that the e-learning course of DF could be as effective as conventional educational methods. However, considering the time, cost savings and providing an opportunity to learn anytime and anywhere, of the e-learning course, it is recommend for the future and required that more health care providers be trained to use of distance learning. We tried to assess perception of chronic illness care in people with type 2 diabetes and to determine whether demographic variables, self-care behavior, as well as affective variables were related with perception of chronic illness care. We conducted a secondary analysis of the previously published cross-sectional study in 441 Iranian people with type 2 diabetes. Chronic illness care was assessed with the validated tool of patient assessment of chronic illness care (PACIC). Different aspects of care according to the chronic care model are measured on a scale of 1-5, with 5 being highest perception of care. The association between perception of chronic illness care and measured variables were tested using spearman correlation test as well as univariate and multiple linear regression analysis. Finally, 380 filled out the PACIC questionnaire, completely (53.4% female, mean age 54.73 ± 8.0years, mean PACIC score 2.52 ± 0.87). In spearman correlation test, considering PACIC score as the dependent variable, chronic illness care was inversely associated with level of education and distress, whereas, insulin treatment, wellbeing, family-social support and self-management were positively associated with chronic care (All value<0.05). In the multiple linear regression analysis, family-social support was positively related to chronic care while level of education, marital status, diabetes-related distress, and high density lipoprotein had significant negative relationship with PACIC score (All p value<0.05). Family-social support, level of education, marital status, and diabetes-related distress are the major determinants of patient experience of chronic illness care in people with type 2 diabetes.Family-social support, level of education, marital status, and diabetes-related distress are the major determinants of patient experience of chronic illness care in people with type 2 diabetes.